Improved Cosmic Ray Spectrum and Intensity in Middle Atmosphere (CORSIMA) Model Considering Six Characteristic Energy Intervals

Abstract

The new model CORSIMA (COsmic Ray Spectrum and Intensity in Middle Atmosphere) is presented in this study. Numerical determinations of the spectrum and intensity of Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) for the middle atmosphere and the lower altitudes of the ionosphere (30–80 km) are presented. These altitudes are above the Regener–Pfotzer maximum. The primary spectra of protons and helium (alpha particles) are used. According to the amount of particles, cosmic rays consist of 92% protons, 6% helium nuclei, 1% heavier elements, and 1% electrons (GINZBURG and SIROVATSKY [¹⁹]).

We also use the approximation of ionization losses (Bohr–Bethe–Bloch formula) in six characteristic energy intervals, including the charge decrease interval for electron capture. In this way, the accuracy of the obtained results is improved.

Analytical expressions for the contributions of the energy intervals are provided. An approximation of the ionization function on six energy intervals is used and the charge decrease interval for electron capture is studied. Numerical calculations are performed using computational algebra systems.

The development of this research is important for a better understanding of the processes and mechanisms of space weather. The GCR affect the ionization and electrical parameters in the atmosphere and also the chemical processes (ozone formation and depletion in the stratosphere) in it. These effects can be significantly enhanced during strong and moderately strong solar proton events and geomagnetic storms.