Fungal Biodegradation Potential of Cellulose Waste Generated during Manned Spaceflights

Abstract

Efficient decomposition of lignocellulosic biomass composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin is vital for sustainable life-support systems in long-duration space missions. Fungi offer a promising solution due to their adaptability, low maintenance, and enzymatic ability to break down complex plant materials. Their enzymes, such as cellulases and lignin-degradingenzymes, convert biomass into fermentable sugars and aromatic compounds, which can be used to produce biofuels, bioplastics, or serve as inputs in closed-loop systems. Fungal strains isolated from woody species, fungal isolates from sawdust and wood surface, and five fungal consortia were tested for cellulase and lignolytic enzyme production. Three fungal strains and the natural consortia were selected as the most promising for the biodegradation of lignocellulosic wastes generated during manned spaceflights.