Integrated Monitoring and Performance Analysis of Off-grid Photovoltaic Systems Using MPPT Controller, SmartShunt, and Temperature Sensors

Abstract

Off-grid photovoltaic systems are increasingly deployed in mobile and remote applications, where reliable operation depends on accurate monitoring of energy generation, storage, and load behaviour. This study evaluates a compact off-grid PV system installed in a campervan, integrating a Victron MPPT 100/20 charge controller, a 150 Ah AGM battery, and a Victron SmartShunt for high-resolution measurements. Operational data were collected over a one-month period under varying weather and usage conditions. The results show that combining MPPT-based control with shunt-based monitoring provides detailed insight into daily energy cycles and highlights key factors influencing energy autonomy, including temperature effects, shading, and high-demand loads. Battery behaviour emerges as a primary determinant of overall system stability. The findings demonstrate that even small mobile PV systems can significantly benefit from advanced monitoring, enabling more informed energy management and improved reliability in off-grid environments.