Effect of Organo-mineral and Organic Fertilization on the Productivity of Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

The object of the field experiment was winter bread wheat grown under basic fertilization with organic fertilizers. Against the background of different levels of nitrogen top-dressing in combination with other major agronomic factors, changes in grain yield and its main components were monitored over a three-year period. The objective of the study was to analyze the effects on productivity of fertilizers with an organic composition compared to the mineral fertilizer DAP. The field experiment investigated three main agronomic factors expected to influence grain yield and its components: fertilizer type with mineral (DAP), organo-mineral (Sonar), and fully organic composition (Italpollina); three levels of nitrogen fertilization during vegetation (N50, N100, and N150); and three crop sowing densities: 450, 550, and 650 viable seeds m^-2. Variation in all studied traits was mainly due to differences in seasonal conditions (D), followed by fertilizer type (A), nitrogen rate (B), and sowing density (C). Interactions between factors were significant only for (A×B) and (A×D) for all traits, and for (A×B×D) only for grain yield and number of productive tillers. Fertilizers containing organic matter showed a similar or stronger effect on grain yield and its components compared to the mineral fertilizer DAP under varying seasonal conditions. Fertilization with Italpollina resulted in grain yield comparable to the control (DAP), whereas the application of Sonar led to higher grain yield. The maximum achievable grain yield was obtained at the intermediate nitrogen rate (300 kg ha^-1) and a sowing density of 550 seeds m^-2, due to the most favourable balance among productivity components.