Research on the Combined Treatment of Deep Pigmented Diseases Using Q-switched Laser and Intense Pulsed Light, Enhanced by the Photoacoustic Effect

Abstract

Pigmentation skin disorders are common skin diseases, among which facial yellow brown spots are more common. The causes are complex, and the etiology is currently not fully understood. The histopathological classification of melasma is of great significance in guiding clinical treatment. Different methods are adopted for the treatment of melanin deposition sites in the skin in order to achieve better therapeutic effects. This article explores the impact of Q-switched laser combined with intense pulsed light on the aesthetic effect of skin in patients with melasma. Seventy-eight female patients with melasma admitted to the hospital from January 2023 to January 2025 were selected as the research subjects. They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group using the sticky note method, with 39 cases in each group. The control group was treated with intense pulsed light therapy, while the observation group was treated with Q-switched laser combined with intense pulsed light therapy. After 6 months of treatment, the skin melanin index (MI), erythema index (EI), and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. The melasma area and severity index (MASI) and skin barrier function were recorded before and after 6 months of treatment. After 6 months of treatment, the MASI, MI, and EI indices of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in skin barrier function indicators between the two groups of patients before and after 6 months of treatment (P > 0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups during treatment (P > 0.05). Q-switched laser combined with strong pulsed light can effectively improve facial melasma in patients, which is safe and effective. It can effectively reduce the level of melanocyte stimulating hormone, reduce oxidative stress damage, brighten the patient's skin colour, and has a good aesthetic effect without significant adverse reactions. It can significantly shorten the treatment time, promote rapid recovery of the condition, and is worthy of clinical promotion and application.